PAST FUTURE TENSE

Pola untuk Past Future Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Subject + would + verb1+ object + modifier

Subject + [(was/were) going to] + verb1+ object + modifier

Contoh:

1. Farmers in Jati Bali would grow rice crops last month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan bercocok tanam padi bulan lalu).
2. Some students would conduct research on vegetative plant propagations last semester. (Beberapa siswa akan melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif semester lalu).
3. Transpiration would start to increase at 8 a.m. this morning. (Transpirasi akan mulai meningkat jam 8 tadi pagi).

Penggunaan Past Future Tense

Pada prinsipnya, past future tense mirip dengan simple future tense dan ketentuan-ketentuan yang berlaku pada simple future tense umumnya juga berlaku pada past future tense. Tetapi, karena bergulirnya waktu, simple future tense bergeser dari future time ke past time menjadi past future tense. Untuk menjelaskan ini, di sini akan digunakan konsep dan contoh-contoh pada future tense.

Past Future Tense, seperti halnya simple future tense, dapat digunakan dalam 5 kategori, yaitu:

1. Untuk menyatakan kembali kejadian/aktivitas yang pernah diprediksi akan terjadi/dilakukan pada saat tertentu di masa lampau.

Untuk memahami perbedaann past future tense dengan simple future tense, mari kita perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimat yang diberikan pada simple future tense berikut ini:

1. According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalam cuaca, hujan akan turun besok).
2. None of us have done the homework the teacher told us to do. He will be very disappointed when he finds out.
3. Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight. I think Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, will come too.
4. I will probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
5. The damage we do to our forest today will result in severe catastrophes sooner or later in the future.

Perhatikan contoh 1 di atas dan anggap saja sekarang adalah tanggal 2 Mei!

• According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. (Menurut ramalam cuaca, hujan akan turun besok).

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kalimat ini juga berarti:

• Menurut ramalan cuaca, hujan akan turun tanggal 3 Mei.

Kemudian, karena waktu terus bergulir, anggap sekarang sudah tanggal 4 Mei. Berarti, yang diprediksi tadi (i.e. hujan akan turun) sudah dalam past time, yaitu “kemarin”.  Jadi prediksi tadi harus dinyatakan dalam past future tense menjadi:

1. According to the weather forecast, it would rain yesterday. Atau, According to the weather forecast, it was going to rain yesterday. Dan begitu juga dengan kalimat-kalimat 2-5 di atas seiring dengan bergulirnya waktu berturut-turut akan menjadi:
2. We thought that he would be very disappointed when we didn’t do the homework two days ago. Atau, We thought that he was going to be very disappointed when we didn’t do the homework two days ago.
3. Ronny came to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago. I thought Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, would come too but she didn’t. Atau, I thought Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, was going to come too but she didn’t.
4. I would probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch. Atau, I was probably going to see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
5. The damage we do to our forest today will result in severe catastrophes sooner or later in the future.

Note: Jika yang diprediksi pada saat pengungkapan kembali masih in future time, (dalam analogi di atas, masih belum tanggal 4 Mei), tetap gunakan simple future tense. (Lihat contoh 5 di atas dan contoh 4 di bawah).

2. Untuk menyatakan kembali kejadian/aktivitas yang direncanakan akan terjadi/dilakukan pada saat tertentu di masa lampau.

Dengan menggunakan analogi pada kategori 1, kalimat dalam simple future tense berikut:

1. Ronny is going to come to my house at 7 o’clock tonight.
2. He has an appointment. He is going to meet his business partner at noon.
3. I am going to go to the shopping. Do you want to go with me?
4. The next world cup championship is going to be held in South Africa in 2010.
5. He is going to leave for Bali tomorrow morning.

seiring dengan  berulirnya waktu akan dinyatakan dalam past future tense menjadi:

1. Ronny was going to come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago but he couldn’t come because of the pouring rain. Atau, Ronny would come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago but he couldn’t come because of the pouring rain.
2. He was going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago but he  suddenly got sick just half an hour before the meeting. Atau, He would meet his business partner at noon two days ago but he  suddenly got sick just half an hour before the meeting.
3. I was going to go to the shopping mall when I asked whether you wanted to go with me two days ago. Atau, I would go to the shopping  mall when I asked whether you wanted to go with me two days ago.
4. The next world cup championship is going to be held in South Africa in 2010. Kalimat ini tidak berubah karena aktivitas dari yang direncanakan masih akan dilakukan tahun depan.
5. He was going to leave for Bali yesterday morning but the flight was cancelled. Atau, He would leave for Bali yesterday morning but the flight was cancelled.

Note: a). Dalam past future tense, pola yang pertama juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan rencana.  b). Jika yang direncanakan itu terjadi/dilakukan, maknanya sudah berubah menjadi kejadian/aktivitas yang terjadi in the past (past tense) atau sedang berlangsung in the past (past continuous tense), tergantung keterangan waktunya.

1. Ronny was being at my house at 7 p.m. two days ago. (Ronny sedang di rumah saya jam 7 malam 2 hari lalu).
2. He was meeting his business partner at noon two days ago. (Dia sedang meeting dengan rekan bisnisnya jam 12 siang dua hari lalu).
3. I went to the shopping mall two days ago. (Saya pergi ke shopping mall 2 hari lalu).
4. He left for Bali yesterday morning. (Dia berangkat ke Bali kemarin pagi).

3. Untuk membuat main clause unreal conditionals tipe 1, yaitu conditional yang faktanya dalam simple present tense atau simple future tense.

1. If I were you, I would study harder. (Jika saya adalah kamu, saya akan belajar lebih giat).
2. The crops would not fail to produce if the rain fell. (Tanaman-tanaman tidak akan gagal berproduksi jika hujan turun).
3. They would not need to lime the soil if it were not acidic. (Mereka tidak akan perlu mengapur tanah jika tanah tersebut tidak masam).

4. Untuk membuat kalimat tak langsung (indirect speech), jika kalimat langsungnya menggunakan simple future tense.

Contoh:

1. My boyfriend told me that he would marry me. (Pacar saya berkata kepada saya bahwa dia akan mengawini saya).
2. An agronomist said that the soil would be more productive if we fertilized it. (Seorang ahli agronomi bilang bahwa tanah akan lebih produktif jika kita memupuknya).
3. Dean made an announcement that the final exams would be started in two weeks. (Dekan mengumumkan bahwa ujian-ujian akhir akan dimulai dua minggu mendatang).

5. Untuk membuat request atau command menjadi lebih formal atau lebih sopan. Note: would lebih formal/sopan dibandingkan will.

Contoh:

1. Would you turn down the TV volume, please! It’s too loud. (Tolong kecilkan volume TV. Volumenya terlalu keras).
2. I didn’t go to school yesterday, so would you please lend me your note? (Saya tidak sekolah kemarin. Tolong pinjami saya catatan kamu?).
3. If you’re free, would you go to see a movie with me tonight? (Jika kamu tidak sibuk, maukah kamu nonton film dengan saya malam ini?).

Negative Form

Bentuk negatif Past Future Tense adalah dengan menambahkan not seelah would atau setelah be (was/were) seperti terlihat pada pola berikut:

Subject + would + not + verb1+ object + modifier

Subject + [(was/were) + not + going to] + verb1+ object + modifier

Contoh:

1. According to the weather forecast, it would not rain yesterday.
2. We thought that he wouldn’t be very happy when we didn’t do the homework.
3. Ronny came to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago. I thought Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, wouldn’t come but she did.
4. I wouldn’t probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch.
5. Ronny wasn’t going to come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago.
6. He wasn’t going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago.
7. I wasn’t going to go to the shopping when I met you two days ago.
8. He wasn’t going to leave for Bali yesterday morning

Yes/No Questions

Yes/No Questions untuk Past Future Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Would + subject + verb1+ object + modifier?

(Was/Were) + subject + going to + verb1+ object + modifier?

Contoh:

1. According to the weather forecast, would it rain yesterday? atau According to the weather forecast, was it going to rain yesterday?.
2. Would Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, come too?
3. Would you probably see Janet at the cafeteria at lunch two days ago?
4. Was Ronny not going to come to your house at 7 p.m. two days ago?
5. Was he going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago?
6. Were you going to go to the shopping when you asked whether I wanted to go with you two days ago?
7. Was he going to leave for Bali yesterday morning?