ACTIVE PARTICIPLE

participle

In grammatical analysis, a form of the verb. English has two forms. The present participle ends in -ing; for example, ‘working’ in ‘They are working’ (The verb's tense does not have to be present when the present participle is used, for example ‘they used to be working’). The past participle ends in -ed in regular verbs; for example, ‘trained’ in ‘They have been trained well’. In irregular verbs, the past participle has a special form, for example: drive/driven; light/lit; burn/burned/burnt.

Active & Passive Participle

Oleh Ari Julianto | Bahasa Inggris | 0 komentar | Dikunjungi 816 kali

Active Participle adalah bentuk Verb-ing yang memiliki fungsi sebagai berikut:

1. Adjective (Menerangkan kata benda):
   • I saw the boat sinking . (I saw the boat which was sinking.)
   • I heard the girl singing . (I heard the girl who was singing)
2. Menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi pada titik waktu yang sama.
   • Readi ng a magazine, I drink a cup of milk.
   • Playing a piano, my sister sings song.
3. Menyatakan peristiwa yang terjadi berturut-turut:
   • Having had breakfast, he went out.
   • Having finished operating the computer, I Switched off it.
4. Ada beberapa kata kerja yang diikuti oleh Active Participle:
   Catch, feel, hear, keep, leave, look at, notice, observe, see, smel, watch.
   • I feel something touching my ear.
   • I keep the baby sleeping.
   • I noticed them coming on time.
   • I smell something burning.
   • I saw the boys fighting.

Passive Participles adalah bentuk kata kerja ketiga yang memiliki fungsi untuk menyatakan sebab akibat :

• She enters. She is accompanied by her mother.
  She enters accompanied by her mother.
• He was aroused by the crash and leapt to his feet. Aroused by the crash, he leapt to his feet.
• Because/As/Since the city is surrounded by the mountain, the city has a cool climate.
  Surrounded by mountain the city has a cool climate.

Setiap kalimat bahasa Inggris yang mengandung unsur be (am, is, are, was, were, to be, being, been) dan Verb

Past Participle (VIII) adalah kalimat pasif (Passive Voice). Diterjemahkan menjadi di atau ter ………. 

Present Active Participle and Verbal Adjective
 
 
The Present Active Participle is used predicatively and remains unchanged, cf.:

• Sentant l'adversaire faiblie, il en ont profité.
Feeling the adversary to become feeble, they have taken an advantage of this.

The Verbal Adjective (L'Adjectif Verbal) is used attributively and does agree in number and gender with the noun to which it refers, cf.:

• C'était une nouvelle surprenante et très grave.
This was surprising and very bad news.

The Present Active Participle and the Verbal Adjective have usually one and the same form, but with a few exceptions; in this cases the Verbal Adjective ends in -ent or have a particular form (the verbs of -guer / -quer):
 

	Verb	Present Active Participle	Verbal Adjective
	adhérer to adhere	adhérant	adhérent, -e
	coïncider to coincide	coïncidant	coïncident, -e
	communiquer to communicate	communiquant	communicant, -e
	confluer to flow together	confluant	confluent, -e
	convaincre to convince	convainquant	convaincant, -e
	converger to converge	convergeant	convergent, -e
	déférer to defer	déférant	déférent, -e
	déterger to deterge	détergeant	détergent, -e
	différer to differ	différant	différent, -e
	divaguer to divagate	divaguant	divagant, -e
	diverger to diverge	divergeant	divergent, -e
	émerger to emerge	émergeant	émergent, -e
	équivaloir to be of equal value	équivalant	équivalent, -e
	exceller to excel	excellant	excellent, -e
	fatiguer to tire	fatiguant	fatigant, -e
	influer to flow into	influant	influent, -e
	intriguer to intrigue	intriguant	intrigant, -e
	naviguer to navigate	naviguant	navigant, -e
	négliger to neglect	négligeant	négligent, -e
	précéder to precede	précédant	précédent, -e
	provoquer to provoke	provoquant	provocant, -e
	résider to reside	résidant	résident, -e
	somnoler to be somnolent	somnolant	somnolent, -e
	suffoquer to suffocate	suffoquant	suffocant, -e
	vaquer to vacate	vaquant	vacant, -e
	zigzaguer to zigzag	zigzaguant	zigzagant, -e

The following forms are invariable:

• soi-disant self-appealing;
• battant neuf brandy new;
• flambant neuf brandy new.

The perfect participle can be used instead of the present participle in sentences  like the one below (i.e. where one action is immediately followed by another with the same subject):

• Tying one end of the rope to the wardrobe, Mike threw the other end out of thewindow  = Having tied one end of the rope to the wardrobe, Mike threw the other end out of the window.

The perfect participle emphasizes that the first action is complete before the second one starts, but is not normally necessary in combinations of this kind, except when the use of the present participle might lead to confusion.

• Reading the instructions, he snatched up the fire extinguisher

The above sentence might give the impression that the two actions were simultaneous. Here, therefore, the perfect participle would be better:

• Having read the instructions, he snatched up the fire extinguisher.

The perfect participle is, however, necessary when there is an interval of time between the two actions:

• Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again.

It is also used when the first action covered a period of time:

• Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another.

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ACTIVE/PASSIVE PARTICIPLE

Active Participle

Active Participle yang biasa juga disebut Present Participle adalah kata kerja yang berbetuk seperti Gerund.

Active Participle digunakan sebagai:

A.      Noun Modifier (penjelas kata benda)

B.      Clause Modifier (Penjelas anak kalimat)

A.      Active Participle sebagai penjelas kata benda (noun modifier)

1.      Pola I               :V + Ing – Noun

Contoh             :

a.      A crying child came to me

b.      That singing bird is a ptarmigan

c.       The burning house are old

d.      The dying man spoke his last words

e.      The moving stone frightens us

Sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam contoh. Kata-kata kerja yang berakhiran –ing diatas menjelaskan kata benda dibelakangnya;

A crying child = anak kecil yang sedang menangis

2.      Pola II              : Noun – Participle Phrase

Contoh             :

a.      The bird singing in that tree is a magpie

b.      The officer standing on that ship is Captain Haddock

c.       The fat woman walking fast must beMrs. Tam

d.       The airliner flying high explodes

e.       Something crawling across my foot was a cobra

Kata-kata yang dicetak miring adalah Participle Phrase. Dengan demikian kata-kata yang dicetak miring itulah yang menjelaskan kata benda di depannya. The bird singing = The bird that is /was singing = burung yang sedang berkicau.

B.      Active participle sebagai clause modifier

Active participle sebagai clause modifier mempunyai 3 arti/makna:

1.Menjelaskan 2 kejadian/kegiatan yang terjadi bersamaan.

Contoh: - shouting, he kicked the door

                 (= while he was shouting, he kicked the door)

2.Menyatakan “sebab atau alasan”

   Contoh: - Being old, Mr. Umar has to wear glasses

                    (= Because Mr. Umar is old, he has to wear glasses)

3.Menyatakan 2 kegiatan yang terjadi secara berurutan

    Contoh: - Having studied hard, i take a rest

                    (= After I have studied hard, I take a rest)