Kamis, 07 Juli 2011

PREPARE FOR THE TOEFL TEST

Prepare for the TOEFL iBT® Test

ETS offers a variety of practice materials to help you prepare for the TOEFL iBT® test, administered via the Internet, and build your English skills. These include free sample questions, practice tests, interactive skill-building programs, and detailed tips and information for understanding more about the TOEFL iBT test.

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Priced Test Preparation

TOEFL Practice Online
TOEFL® Practice Online is the only official practice test that gives you the experience of taking the real TOEFL iBT Test. You will be able to review and answer authentic test questions and get instant scores and feedback on all four skills measured on the test — reading, listening, speaking and writing. You can take the practice test at home, at school or wherever there is an Internet connection — 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Each volume has a different set of questions, so you can practice a few times to prepare for success on the TOEFL iBT test.
Official Guide to the New TOEFL iBT
The Official Guide to the TOEFL® Test, Third Edition This bestselling guide has two full-length tests plus hundreds of valuable tips. Available in paper book or eBook formats, this is an authentic test preparation guide from ETS, developer of the TOEFL test. This guide provides a comprehensive all-in-one reference to the TOEFL test with skill-building tips to help you do your best.

Skill-building Tools

Engaging English
The Engaging English™ Service from MetaMetrics® helps build your English reading skills with targeted online practice matched to your level and interests. The service uses MetaMetrics' Lexile® measures, the worldwide standard for matching readers and text, to make reading practice more effective and efficient. Easy-to-use graphs and reports help you monitor your progress toward your goals.
 
Pronunciation in English
Pronunciation in English powered by AmEnglish.com® is a web-based, interactive program that helps you with all elements of pronunciation, including stress, intonation and rhythm. This program now available in two levels — High Beginning+ and Intermediate+.
 
Idioms in English cover
Idioms in English powered by AmEnglish.com® Volume One and Volume Two are web-based, interactive programs that help you improve listening comprehension, vocabulary and speech.
 
Writing in English cover
Writing in English powered by AmEnglish.com® is a web-based, interactive program that helps you write clear, concise and correct English. This program now available in two levels — High Beginning+ and Intermediate+.
 

Free Test Preparation

TOEFL Sample Questions
FREE TOEFL iBT Test Sample Questions — ETS provides free TOEFL iBT test sample questions so that you can review the types of questions and content that are on the actual test and become more familiar with how the TOEFL iBT test is structured and formatted.
 
TOEFL iBT Sampler
The TOEFL iBT Test Sampler has sample questions that are free when you register for the TOEFL iBT test. You can access the free sample questions from the "view order" link on your online profile. The Sampler has interactive Reading and Listening questions, and sample responses to Writing and Speaking questions. You can take the Sampler only once.
 
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TOEFL iBT Tips
TOEFL iBT Test Tips (PDF) helps test takers understand the TOEFL iBT test and prepare for it. You will find information on the test format, types of questions, scores, frequently asked questions and more. If you study in an English-language program where official ETS test preparation materials are used, you will receive targeted skills practice and test preparation designed exclusively to help you prepare for the TOEFL iBT test.

WHAT IS TOEFL?

Why Take the TOEFL® Test?

The TOEFL Test Gives You Advantages

More Choices

More than 8,000 colleges, universities and agencies in more than 130 countries rely on TOEFL® test scores to help make admissions decisions. For a complete listing, see the TOEFL Destinations Directory (PDF).

More Convenient

You can take the TOEFL test at your choice of more than 4,500 conveniently located test sites in more than 165 countries worldwide. You also save time and money since the entire test is given in one day, rather than coming back a second day like some other tests.

Measures Academic Skills

The TOEFL test helps prove you have the English skills you will actually use in an academic classroom. In the test, you may read a passage from a textbook and listen to a lecture and then speak or write in response, just like you would in a classroom. Because the test is composed of 100% academic questions and tasks, many universities consider it the most appropriate test to use when making admissions decisions.

Rates Speaking More Fairly

Sure, you can take a test with a Speaking interview, but what if your interviewer has a bad day and rates you lower than you deserve? With the TOEFL test, there's no doubt your score is more objective and reliable, because Speaking responses are recorded and evaluated by three to six ETS raters rather than only one rater from a local testing site.

Scores Help You Stand Out

TOEFL test scores help you stand out because of the TOEFL test's reputation for quality, fairness and 100% academic composition. It is the most widely accepted English-language test in the world, including more than 8,000 colleges, universities, agencies and other institutions in 130 countries. And that list includes the top 100 universities in the world.
By sending TOEFL scores to your selected university, you will be proving that you are ready for academic success.

SINGULAR AND PLURAL PART A

Singular Noun Definition:  When a noun means one only, it is said to be singular.
Examples:  boy, girl, book, church, box
Plural Noun Definition:  When a noun means more than one, it is said to be plural.
Examples:  boys, girls, books, churches
Rule #1
The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding - s to a singular noun.
 lamp  lamps
 cat  cats
 fork  forks
 flower  flowers
 pen  pens
Exercise:  Write the plural of each of these nouns

 chair  star  farm
 storm  door  rock
 owner  paper  cup


Rule #2
Nouns ending in
s, z, x, sh, and ch form the plural by adding - es.
 moss  mosses
 buzz  buzzes
 box  boxes
 dish   dishes
 church  churches
Exercise:  Write the plural of each of these nouns

 dress  brush  hex
 wish  class  fox
 cross  bench  bush
 ax  grass  mantis


Special Note:
If you add - s to such nouns as fox, bush, and bench, you will find that you cannot pronounce them without making an additional syllable.  This is why such nouns form the plural by adding - es.

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Quick Review


Exercise:  Tell if the following nouns are singular or plural
 box  cats  slipper  forks  books
 chair  desk  houses  paper  wagon
 lamps  shoes  garden  horses  dress
 dog  carts  kitchen  pony  glass



Exercise:  Write the plural of the following nouns
 chair  star  pencil  girl  boy
 ax  bush  coat  tree  bench
 sketch  owner  touch  latch  mug



Exercise:  Write the singular of the following nouns
 bells  churches  wagons  coals  pictures
 clocks  boxes  kitchens  basins  chairs
 days  houses  pencils  trees  tables


Rule #3
Nouns ending in - y preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by changing - y to
- ies.
Examples:  lady, ladies; city, cities; army, armies


Exercise:  Write the plural of the following words
 fly  baby  pony  injury  cherry
 lady  beauty  story  history  berry
 city  sky  duty  study  theory


Rule #4
Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding
- s.
Example:  boy, boys; day, days


Exercise:  Write the plural of the following words
 day  toy  essay  turkey  chimney
 play  joy  valley  alley  volley


Rule #5
Most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by adding es.  Example:  hero; heroes; grotto, grottoes


Exercise:  Write the plural of the following words
 motto  calico  buffalo  hero
 potato  cargo  volcano  grotto
 mosquito*  tomato  halo*  tornado*
 buffalo*   portico*  veto  


*may add - s or - es


The following are among those that add s only
 canto  solo  piano  lasso
 halo  memento  albino  sirocco


Special Note:
Most nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel is formed into a plural by adding
- s.
Example:  folio, folios; cameo; cameos; studio, studios; portfolio, portfolios


Rule #6
Some nouns ending in f or fe are made plural by changing f or fe to
- ves.
Example:  beef, beeves; wife, wives


Exercise:  Write the plural of the following words
 calf  self  leaf  sheaf  life
 loaf  shelf  half  wolf  knife
 elf   half  thief  wife  gulf
 chief  dwarf*  proof  turf



The following form their plurals by adding - s.
 chief, chiefs   fife, fifes  mischief, mischiefs  hoof, hoofs
 roof, roofs  grief, griefs  kerchief, kerchiefs  safe, safes


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IRREGULAR PLURALS

 man, men  foot, feet  mouse, mice
 woman, women  tooth, teeth  louse, lice
 child, children  ox, oxen  goose, geese



The following nouns have no singular:

 scissors

 oats

 tongs

 dregs
 trousers  pinchers  bellows  snuffers
 cattle  shears  measles  mumps
 victuals  tweezers  vespers  


Some nouns are always singular.  Some of these nouns may be used in the  plural when different kinds are meant as sugars, coffees, cottons
 gold  silver  wheat  corn
 molasses  copper  sugar  cotton

ENGLISH PROVERBS AND THEIR MEANING PART B


 
Proverb
Explanation / Meaning
L
 Laughter is the best medicine.  

 Learn to walk before you run.  Don't rush into doing something until you know how to do it.
   Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner
 everywhere.
  Education is something you keep forever.
   Least said soonest mended.   The more discreet you are, the less damage you  cause.
   Let bygones be bygones.   Let's forgive and forget past quarrels.
   Let not the sun go down on your wrath.   Do not stay angry for more than one day.
   Let the chips fall where they may.   We should not try to control our destiny.
   Liars need good memories.   People who do not tell the truth must be careful to remember what they say.
   Lightning never strikes in the same place twice   An unusual event is not likely to occur again in exactly the same circumstances.
   Like father, like son.   A son's character can be expected to resemble his father's.
   Little strokes fell great oaks.   If you divide a task into small parts, it becomes easier to do.
   Look before you leap.   Consider possible consequences before taking action.
   Loose lips sink ships.   Disclosing important information ( to the enemy or a competitor) could result in large
  losses.
   Losers weepers, finders keepers.  If you lose something you weep, if you find something you keep it.
   Love is blind.   A person in love does not see the faults of the person he/she loves.
     
M
 Make a silk purse out of a sow's ear  Manage to produce something good using poor material.
   Man is the head of the family;
 woman is the neck that turns the head.
 
   Man proposes, God disposes.  Our destiny depends on God's will.
   Manners make the man.  Possibly:  a person's manners show their origins.
   Many hands make light work.  Sharing work makes work easier.
   Marry in haste, repent at leisure.  If you get married too quickly, you may spend all your life regretting it.
   Memory is the treasure of the mind.  
   Men make houses, women make homes.

   Might as well be hanged for a sheep as (for) a lamb  If the penalty is going to be the same, you might as well commit the greater offence.
   Money begets money.  If you have money you can make more money.
   Money doesn't grow on trees.  You shouldn't waste money because it is not plentiful.
   Money is the root of all evil.  Money is the main cause of wrongdoing and problems.
     
N
 Necessity is the mother of invention.   The need for something forces people to find a way of obtaining it.
   Need teaches a plan.   Necessity will make you find a solution.
   Never put off till tomorrow what can be done today   Don't postpone something you can do now.                                        
   Never say die.   Never give up.
   Nobody is perfect.  
   No man can serve two masters.   It's impossible to follow instructions from two different sources.
   No man is an island.   We all need other people.
   No news is good news.   If the news was bad, we would hear of it.  Since we have heard nothing,
  we can assume that all is  well.
   No smoke without fire.   There could be some truth in the rumour...
   No wind, no waves.   Similar to : 'no smoke without fire'.
   Nothing ventured, nothing gained.   You cannot expect to achieve anything if you don't take risks.
     
 O  Once bitten, twice shy.   After an unpleasant experience, people are careful to avoid something similar.
   One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters.  
   One good turn deserves another.   You should be helpful to someone who helps you.
   One of these days is none of these days.  'One of these days' remains vague.
   One today is worth two tomorrow.
  What you have today is better than what is promised or hoped for.
   One man's meat is another man's poison   People don't always like the same things.
   One man's trash is another man's treasure.   What is useless to one person could be valuable to another.
   One swallow doesn't make a summer.   A single satisfactory event does not mean that all the others will be as good.
   Only real friends will tell you when your face is
 dirty.
 Only a real friend will tell you the truth.
   Opportunity seldom knocks twice.   Don't miss opportunities that come along.
   Out of the mouths of babes and sucklings   Children often speak wisely.
   Out of sight, out of mind.
  We tend to forget people or things that we do not see.
     
 P  Patience is a virtue   It is good to be patient.
   Penny wise, pound foolish.   Refers to a person who is careful about spending small amounts of money, but
  not careful about spending large amounts of money.
   People who live in glass houses should not throw
 stones.
  One should not criticize others for faults similar to one's own.
   Poverty waits at the gates of idleness.   If you do not work you will not make money.
   Practice makes perfect.
  Doing something repeatedly is the only way to become good at it.
   Practise what you preach   Do yourself what you advise others to do.
   Prevention is better than cure
  It is easier to prevent something from happening than to repair the damage or cure the
  disease later.
   Pride comes before a fall.   Don't be too self-confident or proud; something may happen to make you look foolish.
   Procrastination is the thief of time   Delaying an action for too long is a waste of time.
   Punctuality is the soul of business   You should always be on time for your business appointments.
   Put all your eggs in one basket   Risk everything by relying on one plan (by putting all one's money in one business).
     
 R  Revenge is sweet.  There is satisfaction in returning an injury.
   Rome was not built in a day.   It takes a long time to do a job properly.  You should not expect to do it quickly.
     
S
 Save me from my friends.  Friends can be more dangerous than enemies.

 Saying is one thing, doing is another.  People don't always do what they announce.

 Short reckonings make long friends.  Debts paid quickly encourage friendship.
   Sickness in the body brings sadness to the mind.

   Silence gives consent.  If you don't object to something it can be assumed that you agree with it.
   Snug as a bug in a rug.  Feeling very comfortable.
   Spare the rod and spoil the child  If you don't punish a child when he does wrong, you will spoil his character.
   Sticks and stones will break my bones but names
 will never hurt me
 Physical attacks may harm me, but cruel words will not.
   Still waters run deep.   A quiet person can have much knowledge or wisdom.
   A stitch in time saves nine   It's better to deal with a problem in its early stages, because if you don't, it will get
  worse.
   Stolen fruit is the sweetest.  What is forbidden is the most tempting.
     
T  Tall oaks grow from little acorns.   Great things may come from small beginnings.

 The apple doesn't fall far from the tree.   Children resemble their parents.
   The best advice is found on the pillow.   After a good night's sleep we may find an answer to our problem.
    The best things in life are free.   You don't have to pay for what is important : happiness, friendship, good health.
   The darkest hour is just before dawn.  There is hope even in the worst of times.

 The devil looks after his own.   Success comes to those who deserve it least  .

 The devil makes work for idle hands   People who have no work, or are idle, often get into or make trouble.
   The die is cast.   A decision has been made and it's impossible to change it.
   The early bird catches the worm.   If you want to do something successfully, you should do it as soon as you can.
   The end justifies the means.   Wrong or unfair methods may be used if the result of the action is good.
   The first step is the hardest.   The most difficult thing is to begin.
   The more haste, the less speed.   A person makes more progress if they do things less quickly.
   The more you have, the more you want.   People have a constant desire to possess more.
   The mouse that has but one hole is quickly taken.   If you depend on just one thing, and it fails you, you will have no alternatives.
   The pen is mightier than the sword   Words and communication have greater effect than war and fighting.
   The proof of the pudding is in the eating.   The real value of something can be judged only after it has been tried or tested.
   The road to hell is paved with good intentions.   It's not enough to intend to do something, you must actually do it.
   The tongue wounds more than a lance.   Insults can be more hurtful than physical injuries.
   The truth is in the wine.   People speak more freely under the influence of alcohol.
   The way to a man's heart is through his stomach.   Feed a man well and he will love you.
   The wish is father to the thought.
  You think that something is true because you want it to be so.
   There is a black sheep in every flock.  There is always one who doesn't  behave or perform like the others.
   There is a trick in every trade.  There is an established way of doing things.
   There is no fool like an old fool.   A older person is expected to behave more sensibly.
   There is safety in numbers   Being in a crowd makes you feel more confident.
   Time and tide wait for no man.   Delaying a decision will not prevent events from taking place.
   Time has wings.  Time goes by quickly.
   Time is money.  Time is valuable and should not be wasted.
   To err is human, to forgive divine   It is human nature to make mistakes, therefore one should forgive.
   Too many cooks spoil the broth.
 
(Humoristic version :  Too many clicks spoil the browse!)
  If too many people are involved in something, it will not be done properly.
   Too much bed makes a dull head.   If you sleep too much, you are not able to think clearly.
   True friends are tested in adversity.   It's when you have problems that you realize who your real friends are.
   Trust not a horse's heel nor a dog's tooth.   Be careful of the reaction of animals.
   Truth has no answer.   You cannot argue against facts or refute what is true.
   Truth is stranger than fiction.   Events in real life are sometimes stranger than in fiction.
   Two wrongs don't make a right   It is wrong to harm someone because they have harmed you.
     
U
 Union is strength.   A group has more force than an individual.
   Unwillingness easily finds an excuse.   A person who doesn't want to do something always finds a reason to avoid it.
     
V
 Variety is the spice of life.
  Doing a lot of different things makes life more interesting.
   Virtue is its own reward.   You should not expect praise for acting in a correct or moral way.
     
 W  Walls have ears.   Be careful.  People could be listening.
   Waste not, want not.   If you never waste anything, you will have it when you need it.
   What the eye doesn't see, the heart doesn't grieve
 over.
  If a person doesn't know about something, it cannot hurt them.
   What a man says drunk, he thinks sober.
  People speak more freely under the influence of alcohol.
   What soberness conceals, drunkenness reveals.   People are less discreet under the influence of alcohol.
   When the cat's away, the mice play.   People misbehave when their boss, or the person in authority, is absent.

 
 When in Rome, do as the Romans do.   You should adopt the customs of the people or country you are visiting,
  and behave in the same way.
   When poverty come in the door, love goes out the
 window.
 
   Where there's life there's hope.

   Where there's a will, there's a way.   A person with determination will find a way of doing something.
   Who makes himself a sheep will be eaten by the wolves.   Possible interpretation:  an easily influenced person can be mislead.
   Wisdom is better than strength.  
   Wonders will never cease!   Expresses surprise at an unexpected pleasure or event (ironic).
   Worry often gives a small thing a big shadow.   Worrying over small details can make them seem worse.
     
Y
 You are what you eat.   What you eat has an effect on your well-being.
   You are never too old to learn.  
   You can lead a horse to water but you can't
 make it drink.
  You can offer someone an opportunity to do something but you can't force them.
   You can't teach an old dog new tricks.   A person who is used to doing things a certain way cannot change.
   You never know what you can do until you try.   Try first before deciding not to do something.
   You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours.   You help me and I'll help you.
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